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The COVID-19 pandemic, emerging/re-emerging infections as well as other non-communicable chronic diseases, highlight the necessity of smart microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic (POC) devices and systems in developing nations as risk factors for infections, severe disease manifestations and poor clinical outcomes are highly represented in these countries. These POC devices are also becoming vital as analytical procedures executable outside of conventional laboratory settings are seen as the future of healthcare delivery. Microfluidics have grown into a revolutionary system to miniaturize chemical and biological experimentation, including disease detection and diagnosis utilizing muPads/paper-based microfluidic devices, polymer-based microfluidic devices and 3-dimensional printed microfluidic devices. Through the development of droplet digital PCR, single-cell RNA sequencing, and next-generation sequencing, microfluidics in their analogous forms have been the leading contributor to the technical advancements in medicine. Microfluidics and machine-learning-based algorithms complement each other with the possibility of scientific exploration, induced by the framework's robustness, as preliminary studies have documented significant achievements in biomedicine, such as sorting, microencapsulation, and automated detection. Despite these milestones and potential applications, the complexity of microfluidic system design, fabrication, and operation has prevented widespread adoption. As previous studies focused on microfluidic devices that can handle molecular diagnostic procedures, researchers must integrate these components with other microsystem processes like data acquisition, data processing, power supply, fluid control, and sample pretreatment to overcome the barriers to smart microfluidic commercialization.Copyright © 2023 by Begell House, Inc.
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PurposeThis article proposes a novel hybrid simulation model for understanding the complex tobacco use behavior.Design/methodology/approachThe model is developed by embedding the concept of the multistage learning-based fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) into the agent-based model (ABM) in order to benefit from advantageous of each methodology. The ABM is used to represent individual level behaviors while the FCM is used as a decision support mechanism for individuals. In this study, socio-demographic characteristics of individuals, tobacco control policies, and social network effect are taken into account to reflect the current tobacco use system of Turkey. The effects of plain package and COVID-19 on tobacco use behaviors of individuals are also searched under different scenarios.FindingsThe findings indicate that the proposed model provides promising results for representing the mental models of agents. Besides, the scenario analyses help to observe the possible reactions of people to new conditions according to characteristics.Originality/valueThe proposed method combined ABM and FCM with a multi-stage learning phases for modeling a complex and dynamic social problem as close as real life. It is expected to contribute for both ABM and tobacco use literature.
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Faculty members who e-mentor dissertations in online doctoral programs, or remotely as a result of COVID-19 participated in an open-ended survey about strategies that helped them succeed, challenges they faced, and institutional support they would find helpful. Consistent communication, individualized support, and structure were found helpful for e-mentoring dissertations. Faculty overwhelmingly cited time, workload, and lack of institutional support as challenges, and stated that institutions could help e-mentors by providing support with the process, research resources, writing support, and time and incentives for e-mentoring. The results are discussed with recommendations for institutional support for dissertation e-mentoring.
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Since the outbreak of COVID-19, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) have faced a heavy economic burden and uncertainty due to a contraction in resources and markets. As the world returns to normal conditions, we aim to synthesise key lessons from the pandemic and discuss which emergency actions should become routine to prevent or minimise the negative economic impact of future crises on SMEs and their innovation power. This paper reviews academic and non-academic literature on how governments can stimulate industrial innovation in SMEs based on experiences from public procurement of innovation during the pandemic. Our findings indicate that public procurement of innovation is a crucial tool to stimulate both the economy and new ideas. Against this backdrop, we propose the implementation of three related procurement policies: inter-agency and inter-governmental collaboration in the public procurement of innovation, cooperation partnerships between the government and firms, and the adoption of practices that encourage SME participation in the procurement of public innovation contracts. © 2023, Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. All rights reserved.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Xiangsha Liujun pills on the decreased digestive function in patients in the recovery phase of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 200 COVID-19 patients in the recovery phase were included in our study in Ezhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Totally 200 subjects were randomly divided into a treatment group (Xiangsha Liujun pills) and a control group (placebo), with 100 in each group. Subjects took Xiangsha Liujun pills or placebo orally three times a day for two weeks. Three visits were scheduled at week 0 (baseline), week 1 (the middle of the intervention) and week 2 (the end of the intervention) for each eligible patient. The total efficacy rates for improving the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) symptoms (fatigue, poor appetite, abdominal distension and loose stools) and the disappearance rates of symptoms were observed and compared in the treatment and control groups. Adverse events were recorded during the study period. SAS 9.4 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 200 patients were included in this study, among which 4 participants withdrew because the drugs did not work. Three patients were excluded for age. Before the treatment, there was no significant difference between the TCM symptoms scores of subjects. After 1 week of treatment, the full analysis set (FAS) showed that the efficacy rates for abdominal distension and loose stools in the treatment group were significantly higher than the control group ( 0.05). There were no significant differences in the efficacy rates for fatigue and poor appetite between the two groups (0.05). In addition, the disappearance rate of fatigue in the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group (0.05); there were no significant differences between the two groups after treatment in the rates of poor appetite, abdominal distension, and loose stools (>0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, the efficacy rates for fatigue, poor appetite, abdominal distension, and loose stools in the treatment group were significantly higher than the control group (0.05). The disappearance rate of loose stools in the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group ( 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the disappearance rates of fatigue, poor appetite, and abdominal distension between the two groups ( 0.05). No severe adverse events were reported by subjects during the study. CONCLUSIONS: This clinical study confirmed that Xiangsha Liujun pills can effectively improve the symptoms related to the decreased digestive function in COVID-19 convalescent patients.
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COVID-19 , Humans , Treatment Outcome , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Double-Blind Method , FatigueABSTRACT
The Covid-19 situation severely affects different walks of life, especially service sector, Manufacturing sector, Tourism, Education, Transportation etc. The agricultural sector comparatively less affected. Visakhapatnam is no exemption from this situation. But There is a remarkable impact in certain areas in Agriculture in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh. In Visakhapatnam district, Paddy is the major crop occupies 1 lakh hectares, It requires huge quantity of inputs, labor and needs timely marketing facilities. The study reflects that, the income level decreased by 11% during Covid -19 situation. The percentage increase in labor cost increased by 19% during Covid situation. The percentage increase in cost of cultivation in Paddy increased by 14% during Covid situation. With regard to Constraints, the major constraints observed are non availability of Labor, Reduction in labor working hours per day, Non availability of inputs, Late receipt of amount for sold produce, Exploitation of Middlemen, Non availability of advisory support, Lack of government support and Poor marketing facilities.
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Cloud computing is an evolving technology to maintain the database of any system. Data collected from any part of the system will be transferred to the cloud, and it will be retrieved at any point in time. It plays a vital role in biomedical applications, where a huge number of patient records are needed to be maintained. In recent years, we faced an unexpected pandemic condition due to COVID-19 diseases. Routine human life has turned upside down due to it. This disease affects various age groups of people, and the number of patients affected is also growing exponentially, day after day, across the globe. The treatment for this critical illness is not the same for patients of different age levels. Aged people may be already affected by various diseases, whereas middle-aged and children may not be. COVID-19 is getting more vulnerable, and the death rate is increasing. Diagnosing this disease is a tedious task for doctors. Symptoms collected from patients of various ages and the treatment methods offered to them should be appropriately maintained. This may ease out ways to cure the upcoming affected patients. In this paper, we present an overall review of various cloud-based electronic health care recording methods that are currently available. Personal health records (PHRs) are stored on a remote cloud server using these approaches. The selective information will be shared when needed by a physician for diagnosis and treatment. Many new cloud-based systems are developed, which have more secure and safe data transfer compared to the conventional client–server model. Security is the most concerned parameter for the emerging cloud technologies as PHRs are to be maintained confidentially. The various existing cloud-based models are reviewed in the aforementioned aspect. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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The novel Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which emerged in December 2019 and caused an unexplained viral pneumonia, rapidly spread worldwide within a few months. A pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Several cutaneous manifestations of the disease among patients with COVID-19 have been reported. Thus far, the most frequently reported cutaneous findings are morbiliform rash, urticarial lesions, purpuric lesions, oral vesicles, and pityriasis rosea. This report presents a case of lichen planus secondary to COVID-19 and its histopathological findings, which is rarely reported in the literature. Copyright © 2022 by Turkish Society of Dermatology and Venereology.
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The spread of Covid-19 can occur through transmission from human to human through droplets, which is why one of the most important preventive measures to be implemented is to carry out restrictions. However, these restrictions have had a devastating impact on the state's economic system. Even so, if restrictions aren't carried out and implemented, the number of people infected by Covid-19 will continuously increase and threaten humankind. The research method used is a normative juridical legal research method, using the statute and conceptual approaches. Primary and secondary legal materials are collected and inventoried, then processed and studied in depth to obtain a complete picture of the legal issues under study. The results show that there are various laws and regulations aimed at the health sector for the prevention or control of Covid-19, and various laws and regulations in the economic recovery sector have also been issued during the Covid-19 pandemic. The government has fulfilled the guarantee of these rights from various regulations that have been formed. This can also be reflected in the institutions formed in Indonesia that specifically focus on Covid-19-related problems contained in the regulations regarding the formation of the Covid-19 Task Force for Handling Covid-19, as well as the National Economic Recovery and Transformation Task Force. The conclusions that can be drawn in this study are guarantees and fulfillment of the right to work and the right to a good and healthy living environment, not an antinomy during the Covid-19 pandemic. The government has tried to fulfill the guarantee for these rights which can be seen from the various laws and regulations issued during the Covid-19 period, both from the health and economic aspects. © 2022, Supporting Academic Initiatives Foundation. All rights reserved.
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Wound Ostomy Care nurses (WOCN) were constantly requested to provide unit-based education to address skin integrity issues. Currently, there is no institutional interdisciplinary skin integrity course except the skin champion class designed only for champions. The WOCN nurse educator presented the idea for proactive quarterly skin integrity interdisciplinary care course to enhance health care professionals' knowledge on the assessment, prevention, and early identification and management of skin injuries. The purpose of this course is to enhance the health care interprofessional knowledge of current practices in skin injury assessment, prevention, early identification, and management in the oncology setting. A comprehensive interdisciplinary skin integrity course was developed using evidence-based content from various disciplines. The multidisciplinary content developers and speakers include Physical Therapy (PT), Occupational Therapy (OT), Safe Patient Handling and Mobility Program (SPHM), Respiratory, Nutrition, WOCN, and the nursing quality team. Course development was done for several months, and meetings were scheduled biweekly until the completion of course development. An 8-hour in-person course was developed with two sessions. The morning session was for a didactic, interactive class that ended with a well-designed case scenario. The afternoon session was hands-on skills with interdisciplinary stations, including vendors. Analysis of post-course evaluation for the first two courses showed that 87% and 90% of participants stated that their learning objectives for the course were met, respectively. Additionally, 93% and 90% of participants verbalized improved competence in skin integrity identification and new strategies to improve patient care and outcome. This course provided education for the interdisciplinary team with speakers comprising WOCN, PT, OT, SPHM, nutritionists, and respiratory therapists from the respective teams with hands-on demonstration and question and answer sessions. Additionally, 99% of the participants state that they are committed to changing practice in areas ranging from patient education, quality improvement, safety, teamwork, diagnosis and screening, communication, and treatment. Staff attendance and participation were concerns at the beginning of the course due to Covid restrictions and staffing issues. The attendance for the first class was 19 participants, and the attendance improved to 34 participants in the second class. Overall, the participants enjoyed the class and stated, "I received great information about new supplies, equipment, and products to take care of my patients."
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The coronavirus infection (COVID-19), an acute viral disease with predominant affection of the upper respiratory tract, is a challenge for modern medicine. Considering the fact that in the patho-genesis of coronavirus pneumonia there is violation of the im-mune response (hyper-response, cytokine storm) the drugs that locally regulate it may be promising in the pneumonia treatment. Biological activity of exosomes is widely investigated in the world. Small extracellular vesicles of mesenchymal cells have the following effects: anti-apoptotic, proliferation stimulation, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory. Objective(s): to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the method of inhalation administration of small extracellular vesicles in bilateral pneumonia caused by a new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection. To study these effects an interventional, prospective, random-ized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study has been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of inhaled small extracellular vesicles administration to the patients with bilateral pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2. Altogether 36 patients with confirmed new coronavirus infection COVID-19, complicated by bilateral pneumonia of moderate severity (12 patients each in study groups 1 and 2, depending on the type of given small extracellular vesicles, and the control group) participated in the study. Small extracellular vesicles were inhaled twice a day in the dose of 2-10x1010 particles. The efficacy and safety of the method were assessed judging by the patients' general state, as-sessment of the disease severity, general and biochemical blood tests, coagulogram, saturation, CT scan of the lungs before and after 10 days of treatment. The observation period was 30 days after hospitalization. During the study the safety of the method was proved, all the patients recovered. Reliable differences of the blood CRP index, which normalized by day 10 of treatment in groups 1 and 2, but remained elevated in the control group. No significant differences were found in other assessed parameters.Copyright © 2022, Human Stem Cell Institute. All rights reserved.
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The coronavirus infection (COVID-19), an acute viral disease with predominant affection of the upper respiratory tract, is a challenge for modern medicine. Considering the fact that in the patho-genesis of coronavirus pneumonia there is violation of the im-mune response (hyper-response, cytokine storm) the drugs that locally regulate it may be promising in the pneumonia treatment. Biological activity of exosomes is widely investigated in the world. Small extracellular vesicles of mesenchymal cells have the following effects: anti-apoptotic, proliferation stimulation, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory. Objective(s): to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the method of inhalation administration of small extracellular vesicles in bilateral pneumonia caused by a new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection. To study these effects an interventional, prospective, random-ized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study has been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of inhaled small extracellular vesicles administration to the patients with bilateral pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2. Altogether 36 patients with confirmed new coronavirus infection COVID-19, complicated by bilateral pneumonia of moderate severity (12 patients each in study groups 1 and 2, depending on the type of given small extracellular vesicles, and the control group) participated in the study. Small extracellular vesicles were inhaled twice a day in the dose of 2-10x1010 particles. The efficacy and safety of the method were assessed judging by the patients' general state, as-sessment of the disease severity, general and biochemical blood tests, coagulogram, saturation, CT scan of the lungs before and after 10 days of treatment. The observation period was 30 days after hospitalization. During the study the safety of the method was proved, all the patients recovered. Reliable differences of the blood CRP index, which normalized by day 10 of treatment in groups 1 and 2, but remained elevated in the control group. No significant differences were found in other assessed parameters. Copyright © 2022, Human Stem Cell Institute. All rights reserved.
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Background At least 80% of new cervical cancer cases and deaths occur in low- and middleincome countries. Vietnam is a middle-income country where cervical cancer is the second most common and the deadliest gynecologic cancer. Cervical cancer incidence in Southern Vietnam has been shown to be 1.5-4 times higher than that in Northern Vietnam. However, less than 10% of Southern Vietnamese women have received the Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and only 50% have ever been screened for cervical cancer. No study has examined the perceptions toward cervical cancer prevention and screening in Southern Vietnamese women. Hence, this study aimed to explore cervical cancer awareness, barriers to screening, and acceptability of HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening among rural and urban women in Southern Vietnam. Methods In October-November 2021, three focus groups were conducted in the rural district of Can Gio (n=21 participants) and three were conducted in the urban District Four (n=23 participants) in Ho Chi Minh City, Southern Vietnam. All participants were cervical cancer-free women aged 30-65 years. Awareness of, attitudes toward, and experience with cervical cancer prevention and screening were explored using audio-recorded, semi-structured discussions in Vietnamese. During the focus groups, participants also watched four short videos with Vietnamese subtitles and voiceover about cervical cancer screening methods and discussed their views on each. The recordings were transcribed, translated into English, and coded and analyzed using Dedoose 9.0.46. Results Four main themes emerged. First, women showed low awareness, but high acceptance of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination. Second, screening barriers were related to logistics (e.g., cost, time, travel distance), psychology (e.g., fear of pain, embarrassment, fear of the test revealing they had cancer), and healthcare providers (e.g., doctors' impolite manners, male doctors). Third, women were concerned about self-sampling incorrectly and pain, but believed HPV self-sampling to be a feasible screening tool in some circumstances (e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic, those living in remote areas). Fourth, women related cervical cancer prevention to COVID-19 prevention;they believed strategies that have been successful for COVID-19 control in Vietnam could be applied to cervical cancer. No differences in themes emerged by rural/urban areas. Conclusions Southern Vietnamese women showed low awareness but high acceptance of cervical cancer screening despite barriers. Strategies for successful COVID-19 control in Vietnam, including campaigns to increase public awareness, advocacy from the government and doctors, and efforts to increase access to screening and vaccination, should be applied to cervical cancer control. Health education programs to address HPV self-sampling concerns and promote it as a cervical cancer screening tool are warranted given its potential to improve screening uptake in this low-resource setting.
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Introduction. The role of comorbid conditions in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity of associated COVID-19 disease has been an area of ongoing research since the pandemic began. Objective. To evaluate the impact of elderly asthma on the clinical course and outcomes of severe COVID-19. Materials and methods. Elderly patients (WHO, 2020) (> 60 years, n = 131) with bronchial asthma (BA) hospitalized for severe COVID-19 were included in the study. The presence of COVID-19 was confirmed by laboratory tests (PCR smear) and/or clinical and radiological examinations. All patients had a history of a confirmed diagnosis of bronchial asthma (GINA, 2020). Follow-up was performed at the hospital stage and for 90 days after discharge from the hospital. Results. In the groups of patients with lethal outcome (regardless of the stage) there were statistically significantly higher Charlson index, respiratory rate, CT lung lesion volume, leukocyte, neutrophil and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios, lower absolute eosinophil count. In the group of patients who died during hospitalization, severe (IV–V) asthma (p = 0.03), steroid use during the previous year (p = 0.02), chronic heart failure (p = 0.009), and the atopic asthma phenotype was less common (p = 0.02). Those who died in the 90-day posthospital period had greater lung lesion volume on CT scan, and diabetes mellitus was more common (p < 0.001). The most significant predictors of mortality were identified. Conclusion. The common most significant predictors of hospital and 90-day posthospital mortality in older patients with bronchial asthma were comorbidity index and lower eosinophil levels. Hospital mortality is further characterized by a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and lower total protein;90-day posthospital mortality by the amount of lung damage on CT scan and the presence of diabetes mellitus. © 2022, Remedium Group Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The coronavirus infection (COVID-19), an acute viral disease with predominant affection of the upper respiratory tract, is a challenge for modern medicine. Considering the fact that in the patho-genesis of coronavirus pneumonia there is violation of the im-mune response (hyper-response, cytokine storm) the drugs that locally regulate it may be promising in the pneumonia treatment. Biological activity of exosomes is widely investigated in the world. Small extracellular vesicles of mesenchymal cells have the following effects: anti-apoptotic, proliferation stimulation, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory. Objective: to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the method of inhalation administration of small extracellular vesicles in bilateral pneumonia caused by a new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection. To study these effects an interventional, prospective, random-ized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study has been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of inhaled small extracellular vesicles administration to the patients with bilateral pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2. Altogether 36 patients with confirmed new coronavirus infection COVID-19, complicated by bilateral pneumonia of moderate severity (12 patients each in study groups 1 and 2, depending on the type of given small extracellular vesicles, and the control group) participated in the study. Small extracellular vesicles were inhaled twice a day in the dose of 2–10×1010 particles. The efficacy and safety of the method were assessed judging by the patients' general state, as-sessment of the disease severity, general and biochemical blood tests, coagulogram, saturation, CT scan of the lungs before and after 10 days of treatment. The observation period was 30 days after hospitalization. During the study the safety of the method was proved, all the patients recovered. Reliable differences of the blood CRP index, which normalized by day 10 of treatment in groups 1 and 2, but remained elevated in the control group. No significant differences were found in other assessed parameters. © 2022, Human Stem Cell Institute. All rights reserved.
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Introduction. The role of comorbid conditions in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity of associated COVID-19 disease has been an area of ongoing research since the pandemic began. Objective. To evaluate the impact of elderly asthma on the clinical course and outcomes of severe COVID-19. Materials and methods. Elderly patients (WHO, 2020) (> 60 years, n = 131) with bronchial asthma (BA) hospitalized for severe COVID-19 were included in the study. The presence of COVID-19 was confirmed by laboratory tests (PCR smear) and/or clinical and radiological examinations. All patients had a history of a confirmed diagnosis of bronchial asthma (GINA, 2020). Follow-up was performed at the hospital stage and for 90 days after discharge from the hospital. Results. In the groups of patients with lethal outcome (regardless of the stage) there were statistically significantly higher Charlson index, respiratory rate, CT lung lesion volume, leukocyte, neutrophil and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios, lower absolute eosinophil count. In the group of patients who died during hospitalization, severe (IV–V) asthma (p = 0.03), steroid use during the previous year (p = 0.02), chronic heart failure (p = 0.009), and the atopic asthma phenotype was less common (p = 0.02). Those who died in the 90-day posthospital period had greater lung lesion volume on CT scan, and diabetes mellitus was more common (p < 0.001). The most significant predictors of mortality were identified. Conclusion. The common most significant predictors of hospital and 90-day posthospital mortality in older patients with bronchial asthma were comorbidity index and lower eosinophil levels. Hospital mortality is further characterized by a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and lower total protein;90-day posthospital mortality by the amount of lung damage on CT scan and the presence of diabetes mellitus. © 2022, Remedium Group Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The problem of studying the features of the dynamics of neurological deficit and cognitive functions in the early recovery period in post-COVID patients with IS and optimizing therapy is becoming of national importance and an urgent need. Purpose of the study: To study the features of the dynamics of neurological deficit and higher brain functions in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke in post-COVID patients, with an assessment of the effectiveness of modified drug and non-drug programs of rehabilitation therapy. Materials and research methods: A total of 80 patients took part in the clinical study. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 - post-COVID patients with IS, Group 2 - non-COVID patients with IS. Result(s): The inclusion of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate and rivaroxaban in standard therapy met expectations and showed its positive role in reducing the recovery time of patients' functions, as determined using BDNF and cortisol biomarkers, as well as using data from the Rankin, Rivermead, MoCa and NIHHS scales. Conclusion(s): Based on the results of the obtained data, the effectiveness of the approved therapy in the rehabilitation of post-COVID patients with ischemic stroke was established. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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Despite the contemporary advancements in the field of science and medicine, combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is extremely challenging in many aspects as the virus keeps spreading and mutating rapidly. As there is no effective and conclusive drug therapy to date, it is crucial to explore plant-based natural compounds for their potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Recent research highly focuses on screening various phytochemicals to elucidate their anti-viral efficacy. However, very few studies were published investigating the anti-viral efficacy of ginsenosides. Hence, the main aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory potential of the available 122 ginsenosides from Panax ginseng against SARS-CoV-2-related proteins using a molecular docking and molecular dynamics approach. The major bioactive compounds "ginsenosides" of P. ginseng were docked to six vital SAR-CoV-2 host entry-related proteins such as ACE2, Spike RBD, ACE2 and Spike RBD complex, Spike (pre-fused), Spike (post-fused), and HR domain, with lowest binding energies of -9.5 kcal/mol, -8.1 kcal/mol, -10.4 kcal/mol, -10.4 kcal/mol, -9.3 kcal/mol, and -8.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Almost all the ginsenosides have shown low binding energies and were found to be favourable for efficient docking and resultant inhibition of the viral proteins. However, ACE2 has shown the highest interaction capability. Hence, the top five ginsenosides with the highest binding energy with ACE2 were subjected to MD, post MD analysis, and MM/PBSA calculations. MD simulation results have shown higher stability, flexibility, and mobility of the selected compounds. Additionally, MM-PBSA also affirms the docking results. The results obtained from this study have provided highly potential candidates for developing natural inhibitors against COVID-19. Copyright © The Author(s) 2022.